• Users Online: 35571
  • Home
  • Print this page
  • Email this page

   Table of Contents      
PREFERRED PRACTICE
Year : 2020  |  Volume : 68  |  Issue : 7  |  Page : 1258-1262

All India Ophthalmological Society - Eye Bank Association of India consensus statement on guidelines for cornea and eyebanking during COVID-19 era


1 Secretary, All India Ophthalmological Society, Secretary, Eye Bank Association of India, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
2 Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
3 Consultant, Eye Bank Association of India, All India Ophthalmological Society, New Delhi, India
4 Treasurer, All India Ophthalmological Society, Secretary Indian Society of Cornea & Keratorefractive Surgeons, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
5 President, Cornea Society of India, Gokhale Eye Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
6 Director, Cornea Clinic, Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, India
7 President, Indian Society of Cornea & Keratorefractive Surgeons, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
8 Past President, Cornea Society of India, Maskati Eye Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
9 President, Eye Bank Association of India, Mukherjee Eye Clinic, New Delhi, India
10 President, All India Ophthalmological Society, Chairman, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India

Date of Submission18-May-2020
Date of Acceptance26-May-2020
Date of Web Publication25-Jun-2020

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Namrata Sharma
Professor, Cornea and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110 029
India
Login to access the Email id

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1554_20

Rights and Permissions
  Abstract 


The COVID-19 pandemic has brought with it the huge burden of mortality and morbidity across the world and the added effects of the mandatory lockdown measures to try and control the spread. A number of aspects of healthcare including eye donation and eye collection require adequate safety precautions in place to keep both the involved healthcare workers and patients safe. This paper highlights the consensus-based guidelines by an expert panel on how to restart eye banking and eye collection services and carry out emergency corneal surgeries during this COVID-19 time. These guidelines will be applicable to all eye banks across the country and should help ophthalmologists and eye banking staff to restart eye banking while safeguarding themselves and their patients.

Keywords: Consensus, cornea guidelines, COVID-19, eye banking, ophthalmology, pandemic, precautions, preferred practice


How to cite this article:
Sharma N, D'Souza S, Nathawat R, Sinha R, Gokhale NS, Fogla R, Titiyal J S, Maskati QB, Mukherjee G, Sachdev (Writing Committee) MS. All India Ophthalmological Society - Eye Bank Association of India consensus statement on guidelines for cornea and eyebanking during COVID-19 era. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:1258-62

How to cite this URL:
Sharma N, D'Souza S, Nathawat R, Sinha R, Gokhale NS, Fogla R, Titiyal J S, Maskati QB, Mukherjee G, Sachdev (Writing Committee) MS. All India Ophthalmological Society - Eye Bank Association of India consensus statement on guidelines for cornea and eyebanking during COVID-19 era. Indian J Ophthalmol [serial online] 2020 [cited 2024 Mar 28];68:1258-62. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ijo/pages/default.aspx/text.asp?2020/68/7/1258/287498

Prepared in Association with the AIOS and EBAI Expert Group

AIOS and EBAI Expert Group


Composition of the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) - Eye Bank Association of India (EBAI) Expert Group for COVID-19 Practice Guidelines for Cornea and Eyebanking includes the Writing Committee (as listed) and the following members - in alphabetical order: Arun Kumar Jain - Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh; Atul Kapoor - Sightlife, New Delhi; Geetha Iyer- Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai; Hemant Kumar - Abhinav Drishti Eye Hospital, Lucknow; Himanshu Matalia - Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore; Hitendra Ahooja - Ahooja Eye and Dental Institute, Gurugram; J.K.S. Parihar - Centre for Sight, New Delhi; Jnanankar Medhi - The Retina Centre, Guwahati, Assam; Mandeep Jot Singh - Centre for Sight, New Delhi; Manisha Acharya - Dr. Shroff Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi; Nilesh Mohan - Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Igims, Patna; Paras Mehta - Sameep Eye Hospital & Corneal Centre, Vadodara; Prafulla Maharana - Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Praveen K. Vadavalli - LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad; Promila Gupta - National Programme for Control of Blindness; Radhika Tandon - Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Rajib Mukherjee - Mukherjee Eye Clinic, New Delhi; Rajiv Garg - Directorate General of Health Services; Rakesh Shah- Swaraashi Netralaya, Thane; Rishi Mohan - MM Eyetech Institute, New Delhi; Ritika Sachdev - Centre for Sight, New Delhi; Ritu Arora - Guru Nanak Eye Centre, New Delhi; Samar Basak - Disha Eye Hospital, Barrackpore; Shakeen Singh - Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab; Srinivas K Rao - Darshan Eye Care, Chennai; Sujata Das - L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneshwar; Sunita Chaurasia - L.V.Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad; Swati Tomar - Swanetra Eye Hospital, Jaipur; Vikas Mittal - LJ Eye Institute, Ambala





The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people around the world and the medical fraternity in particular. It has made us change the way we function and in the aftermath of this pandemic, ophthalmologists will require practical guidelines based on advisories from national health departments on how to restart eye banking and cornea-related healthcare across the country.

As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare(MoHFW), hospitals can continue emergency services with adequate spacing in OPDs and personal protective equipment except in containment zones. Elective and non emergency follow ups and surgeries can be deferred.[1]

This paper highlights the consensus based guidelines by an expert panel comprising of representatives from the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS), Eye Bank Association of India(EBAI), Indian Society of Cornea and Keratorefractive surgeons (ISKRS), Cornea society of India(CSI) and major governmental and private ophthalmological institutions in India. These guidelines will be applicable to all eye banks across the country and should help ophthalmologists and eye banking staff to restart eye banking while trying to ensure the safety of their patients and themselves.


  Methods Top


These guidelines outline the infection prevention and control advice for ophthalmologists and healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in the treatment of patients for ophthalmic care especially with regard to eye banking practices and cornea services. These guidelines are based on the available literature and guidelines issued from the MoHFW, Government of India, and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). With the evolving situation on COVID-19, further updates may be made to this guidance as and when required. An invitation to review these guidelines was sent out by email to eminent ophthalmologists across India, including heads of the major teaching institutions, both in the government and private sectors. The experts suggested several changes in the base document that was collated, and the consensus derived. Disagreements on guidelines were resolved by discussion between members.


  Practice guidelines for Ophthalmologists With Relevance to Eye Banking And cornea Top


Advisory for resuming the eye banking activitiesa

  • All collected tissues should be quarantined for 48 h prior to the release of the tissue for usage for transplantation. Avoid immediate usage
  • The Eye Banking activities to be resumed through hospital cornea retrieval programme (HCRP) and to be from a hospital which is declared as non-COVID-19
  • Voluntary/Community donation and eye collection is more hazardous for the recovery team and to be put on hold for 2 weeks or until the fresh guidelines are circulated whichever is earlier
  • No eye banking activities to be started in the containment areas of red zones. Containment zones shall be demarcated within red (Hotspots) and orange Zones by State/UTs and District Administration based on the guidelines of MoHFW
  • The Recovery Technician/doctor to use personal protective equipment (PPE) -including N95 mask, cap, face shield/visor, gloves, gown, while recovering the donor tissue for 2 weeks or until the fresh guidelines are circulated whichever is earlier
  • The technicians and relevant staff must be given training about the PPE use and other precautions during retrieval to reduce the risk of acquiring or spreading the infection
  • Eye Bank Association of India recommends that the collection of a nasal swab of the deceased donor for RT-PCR COVID-19 testing may be done at the discretion of the hospital director.


The Eye Bank Association of India recommends that eye banks exclude the following potential donors for ocular tissue collection[2]

  • Tested positive for or diagnosed with COVID-19
  • Acute respiratory illness or fever 100.4°F (38°C) or at least one severe or common symptom known to be associated with COVID-19 (e.g., unexplained fever, cough, shortness of breath, diarrhea) with no other etiology that fully explains the clinical presentation [Table 1]
  • Individuals who have been exposed to a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patient within the last 14 days, who have returned from nations which have more than 10 infected patients and those whose cause of death was unexplained should not be accepted as deceased donors.
  • As India itself is a country where COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly, any patient who lives or has visited the red zone as defined by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare vide D.O. No. Z.28015/19/2020-EMR dated 30.04.2020 will be considered as a risk and must be assessed for the clinical symptoms and avoided for eye donation
  • Evidence of conjunctivitis
  • ARDS, pneumonia, or pulmonary computed tomography (CT) scanning showing “ground-glass opacities” (regardless of whether another organism is present) ([Figure 1]- Algorithm to follow for Deceased Tissue Donation).[3]
Figure 1: Algorithm to follow for Deceased Tissue Donation

Click here to view
Table 1: COVID-19 symptoms[2]

Click here to view


General functioning guidelines

  • Eye banks should document the risk assessment of the deceased by taking a relevant history from attender or family members and ensure that all staff are aware of the above
  • It is recommended that only corneal scleral rim excision be performed and avoid the whole eyeball enucleation
  • Use intermediate preservative media for the preservation of corneas
  • Donor corneas in intermediate preservation media if not utilized should be shifted to glycerol on the last day of preservation and kept in a deep freezer for future use for tectonic purposes
  • Recovery procedures mandatorily require double contact of povidone-iodine to ocular tissue before retrieval [4]
  • The entire disposable PPE kit to be removed immediately after tissue retrieval, properly packaged to avoid cross-infection and disposed off after reaching the hospital as per the guidelines
  • As a precaution use double-layered bags (using 2 bags) for collection of waste (blood sample/Cornea) to ensure adequate strength and no leaks [5]
  • Non-disposable parts of the PPE like goggles/visor to be cleaned with spirit or 1% sodium hypochlorite immediately after returning to the hospital
  • Clean all external surfaces of MK Medium/Cornisol bottles, flask, ice gel packs, instrument tray, stainless steel bin with surgical spirit, alcohol wipes, or freshly prepared 1% sodium hypochlorite after recovery and repeat it at Eye Bank
  • All the donor forms and documents are to be exposed to Ultraviolet light in the Laminar flow hood for 30 min immediately after the team arrives at the eye bank. (Expose both sides of forms -30 min +30 min)
  • The technicians who handled the tissues and materials, to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for about 30 s up to elbow before handling any other work in the eve bank. (Staff should occupy only their dedicated chair and should not sit in somebody's chair)
  • Each eye bank should monitor and consult local THOTA/NOTTO/SOTTO/ROTTO/State health authority/NPCB for daily or weekly reports
  • Eye Donation Counsellor/Eye Recovery Technicians may be asked to be on call with limited movement in the hospital
  • Eye bank-related officials must disclose the history of a hospital visit in the past 14 days (Verify papers for the cause of visit)
  • The Eye Banks must follow the instructions of local State Government for starting of services.


Cleaning of the eye bank

  • The floor of the eye bank and laboratory areas MUST be cleaned with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite every 2 hourly
  • Deep cleaning to be done anytime there is any contamination
  • Door handles, side rails on stairs, high touch surface like reception counter, help desk, gate with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite (4 Times/Day)
  • Chair in the waiting area (head end, armrest etc.), electronic/IT equipment like monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc. must be done with alcohol swab every 2 h.


Human resource

  • Eye banks should consider reorganization of the activities, introducing work shifts and batches and the personnel from one shift to not get in touch with the other shift to minimize the possibility of cross-infection. If a team gets quarantined due to any reason, then the other one can still continue to perform eye banking functions
  • PPE at the workplace should include mask (N95/other approved masks), gloves and visor (face shield) and regular apron. Usage, sterilization/disposal of masks as per protocol for each mask
  • All Eye Bank Staff should be provided with sufficient number of masks, gloves, single-use plastic aprons, with hand sanitizers
  • Frequent hand washing and use of hand sanitizer are recommended and sanitizer should be readily available with all team members during their duty timings
  • Mask is mandatory in the presence of other persons
  • Separation of office workstations
  • Maintain 1.5 m physical distance at all times
  • If staff suspected of contact but asymptomatic, quarantine for a minimum of 14 days and test as per protocols and symptomatology
  • [Figure 2]- Sequence for safely putting on and removing PPE
  • Wash hands or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer immediately after removing all PPE.
Figure 2: Sequence for safely putting on and removing PPE

Click here to view


All the staff members are advised to follow the below steps while going back home from eye bank/hospital[6]

  • Ring up home when you start form office
  • Someone at home should keep the front door open (so that you don't have to touch the calling bell or door handle) and a bucket of water with washing soap powder or bleaching powder added to it at the front door
  • Keep things (vehicle keys, pen, sanitizer bottle, phone) in box outside the door
  • Wash your hands in the bucket and stand in the water for a few minutes. Meanwhile use tissue and sanitizer and wipe the items you have placed in the box
  • Wash your hands with soap water again
  • Now enter the house without touching anything
  • The bathroom door is kept open by someone and a bucket of detergent soap water is ready
  • Take off all the clothes and soak inside the bucket
  • Take head bath with shampoo and body with soap
  • Wash your clothes and dry clothes in direct sunlight.


Staff training

A training program May be organized for all the staff of the eye bank, covering all the above guidelines and proper usage of doffing and donning of PPE by the medical director/eye bank manager. Nasopharyngeal swab may be taken by appropriately trained personnel.

Prioritize surgeries as per their level of medical urgency—For corneal transplants: Tectonic and therapeutic corneal transplants to be done on priority over optical and lamellar corneal transplants. Special consents can be added to the preoperative protocol for COVID-19 time. There are a number of other procedures and surgeries which may be required on emergency and semi-urgent basis and can be prioritized and undertaken with necessary care and precautions [Table 2].
Table 2: Urgency wise list of corneal procedures

Click here to view



  Conclusion Top


The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on healthcare both by the direct mortality and morbidity associated and the indirect effects of lockdown and social distancing measures to control the infection spread. The death toll around the world has risen steadily and the challenges faced by the healthcare systems is manifold.[7] Due to the close contact with patients, procedures which generate aerosols and potential risk of presence of virus in tears there was a fear that ophthalmologists and eye-related HCWs are at a slightly higher risk of developing the infection.[8],[9] However there is no proven consensus on this matter.[10] It is important to use preferred practice guidelines so that we can exert extra care to restart eye banking and do at least the emergency surgeries without facilitating disease transmission and keeping ourselves safe. We hope that these eye banking guidelines are useful to ophthalmologists around the country.

Acknowledgement

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India

Eye Bank Association of India

Indian Society of Cornea and Keratorefractive surgeons

Cornea society of India

National Programme for Control of Blindness

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.






  Disclaimer Top


The expert panel would like to declare that this document contains guidelines based on information issued by various relevant organizations, and State and Central Governments as on the date of their release. The current outbreak is unpredictable and adherence to any recommendations included in this document may not ensure a successful outcome in every situation. Furthermore, the recommendations contained in this document should not be deemed inclusive of all proper methods of care nor exclusive of other methods of care reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. These guidelines reflect the best available information at the time the document was prepared. If widespread community-transmission occurs, healthcare infrastructure and capacity issues may have a further impact on donation and transplantation. These recommendations will be regularly updated to account for the changing epidemiology and new information regarding treatment and testing. The guidelines do not replace or override existing national/regional/local statutory requirements. All transplant units and eye banks must be aware of national and local government guidance. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific therapy must be made by the physician and the patient considering all the circumstances presented by the individual patient, and the known variability and biological behavior of the medical condition. This expert panel does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the guidance and assumes no responsibility for any injury or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of this guidance or for any errors or omissions. No suit or legal proceedings shall lie against any person for anything done or intended to be done in good faith under this suggestions/advisory unless proved otherwise.



 
  References Top

1.
Ministry of Health and Family welfare- Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/AdvisoryforHospitalsandMedicalInstitutions.pdf. Advisory for Hospitals and Medical Institutions [Last accessed on 2020 Mar 20].  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
COVID-19 Updated Guidance and Screening Recommendations by Eye Bank Association of America dated 14th April 2020. Available from: https://restoresight.org/covid-19-updates/. [Last Accessed May 2020].  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Spanish recommendations to manage organ donation and transplantation regarding the infection associated with the new coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) producer of COVID-19 dated 27th March 2020. Available from: https://www.eatb.org/images/COVID-19_Summary_of_Spanish.pdf. [Last Accessed May 2020].  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Regulatory updated by Eye Bank Association of America dated 29th April 2020. Available from: https://restoresight.org/covid-19-updates/. [Last Accessed May 2020].  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Guidelines for Handling, Treatment and Disposal of Waste Generated during Treatment/Diagnosis/Quarantine of COVID-19 Patients dated 25th March 2020. Available from: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/63948609501585568987wastesguidelines.pdf. [Last Accessed May 2020].  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Advisory by Office of Minister of Health, Power, PWD, Home, UD. Water, I & FC & Industries, Govt. of Delhi: Delhi Secretariat No. minhealth/2020/1108 dated 7th April 2020.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Li LQ, Huang T, Wang YQ, Wang ZP, Liang Y, Huang TB, et al. COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25757.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8.
Seah I, Agrawal R. Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? A review of coronaviruses and ocular implications in humans and animals. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020;28:391-5.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.
Liang L, Wu P. There may be virus in conjunctival secretion of patients with COVID-19. Acta Ophthalmol 2020;98:223.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.
Seah IYJ, Anderson DE, Kang AEZ, Wang L, Rao P, Young BE, et al. Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Ophthalmology 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.03.026.  Back to cited text no. 10
    


    Figures

  [Figure 1], [Figure 2]
 
 
    Tables

  [Table 1], [Table 2]


This article has been cited by
1 Considerations of COVID-19 in Ophthalmology
Maria Letizia Salvetat, Mutali Musa, Francesco Pellegrini, Carlo Salati, Leopoldo Spadea, Marco Zeppieri
Microorganisms. 2023; 11(9): 2220
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
2 Corneal blindness and eye banking: Current strategies and best practices
Venugopal Anitha, Radhika Tandon, Sushmita G Shah, Naveen Radhakrishnan, Sankalp Singh, Vanathi Murugesan, Veena Patwardhan, Meenakshi Ravindran
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023; 71(9): 3142
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
3 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trends in corneal donor mortality data from Eye Bank records in India
AnthonyVipin Das, DeeptiRaj Kommu, Raviteja Chilukuri, Harihar Chilukuri, Sunita Chaurasia
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 70(9): 3289
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
4 A Review of Corneal Transplantation: An Insight on the Overall Global Post-COVID-19 Impact
Jay Thakkar, Sandhya Jeria, Aditi Thakkar
Cureus. 2022;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
5 Comment on: Microbiological profile of eye donors and the effectiveness of ocular surface decontaminants during in situ corneal retrieval
Bharat Gurnani, Kirandeep Kaur
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 70(1): 334
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
6 Ophthalmic surgeries before and during the covid-19 outbreak in a tertiary hospital
Yasemin Fatma Cetinkaya
International Ophthalmology. 2022;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
7 Donor related corneal graft infection: a review of literature and preventive strategies
Ketan Deogaonkar, Aravind Roy
Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2022; : 1
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
8 Clinical Utility of COVID-19 Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing of Ocular Tissues of Non–COVID-19 Cornea Donors Deemed Suitable for Corneal Retrieval and Transplantation
Sunita Chaurasia, Dhanwini Rudraprasad, Jalandhar Reddy Senagari, Sunitha Linga Reddy, Srinivas Kandhibanda, Ashik Mohamed, Sayan Basu, Prashant Garg, Joveeta Joseph
Cornea. 2022; 41(2): 238
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
9 Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Corneal Tissue of Deceased Asymptomatic Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 Donors
Karthikeyan Mahalingam, Dewang Angmo, Aanchal Kakkar, Rahul Kumar Bafna, Tushar Sharma, Aishwarya Rai, Sahil Agrawal, Lalit Dar, Rohit Saxena, Jeewan S. Titiyal, Namrata Sharma
Cornea. 2022; Publish Ah
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
10 Risk Assessment of Aerosol Generation During Vitreoretinal Surgery Using High Speed Imaging Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic
Chaitra Jayadev, Thirumalesh Mochi Basavaraj, Khushboo Pandey, Roven Pinto, Shashi Prabha Pandey, Saptarshi Basu, Abhijit Sinha Roy, Rohit Shetty
Translational Vision Science & Technology. 2021; 10(12): 17
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
11 Role of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction in Cornea Donors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ritu Arora, Shipra Sharda, Jigyasa Sahu, Vikas Manchanda, Parul Jain, Isha Gupta, Nikhil Gotmare, Nisha Bharti
Cornea. 2021; 40(8): 1044
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
12 Procuración de tejido corneal y banco de ojos en época de COVID-19 en el estado de San Luis Potosí, México
Reyna I Tello-Medina, Thaydeé G Monsiváis-Santoyo, Eusermin Gámez-Gómez
Revista Mexicana de Trasplantes. 2021; 10(1): 29
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
13 Corneal transplantation during COVID-19 pandemic: need for special considerations—A live review
Anuj Kumar Pandey, Nidhi Mudgil, Yogesh Wadgave, Sidharth Sekhar Mishra
AIMS Public Health. 2021; 8(2): 186
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
14 Resuming eye bank services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience and inferences
Manisha Acharya, Saurabh Biswas, Animesh Das, Abhishek Dave, Umang Mathur
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(2): 391
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
15 A novel eyeball simulator for training postgraduate students during pandemic times
Venugopal Anitha, Meenakshi Ravindran
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(10): 2879
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
16 Commentary: Eye banking in post-COVID-19 era
Naveen Radhakrishnan, NVenkatesh Prajna
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2021; 69(12): 3663
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
17 A quick glance at publications on COVID-19 and ophthalmology
Sabera Banu, Swati Singh
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020; 68(11): 2624
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
18 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic, national lockdown, and unlocking on an apex tertiary care ophthalmic institute
Rinky Agarwal, Namrata Sharma, Anuja Patil, Himani Thakur, Rohit Saxena, Atul Kumar
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020; 68(11): 2391
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
19 Commentary: Eye banking during COVID-19 pandemic
Naveen Radhakrishnan, NVenkatesh Prajna
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2020; 68(11): 2372
[Pubmed] | [DOI]



 

Top
 
 
  Search
 
    Similar in PUBMED
   Search Pubmed for
   Search in Google Scholar for
 Related articles
    Access Statistics
    Email Alert *
    Add to My List *
* Registration required (free)  

 
  In this article
Abstract
Methods
Practice guideli...
Conclusion
Disclaimer
References
Article Figures
Article Tables

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed5333    
    Printed63    
    Emailed0    
    PDF Downloaded504    
    Comments [Add]    
    Cited by others 19    

Recommend this journal