author = {Banker, Alay.}, title = {{Posterior segment manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome}}, journal ={Indian Journal of Ophthalmology}, volume ={56}, number ={5}, pages = {377-383}, doi = {10.4103/0301-4738.42413}, year = {2008}, abstract ={Ocular manifestations can occur in up to 50% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and posterior segment involvement is the most common presentation. The posterior segment manifestations of AIDS can be divided into four categories: retinal vasculopathy, opportunistic infections, unusual malignancies and neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities. Retinal microvasculopathy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis are the most common manifestations, even in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has been shown to cause regression of CMV retinitis, reduce the incidence of CMV-related retinal detachments, and prolong patient survival. Immune recovery uveitis is a new cause of vision loss in patients on HAART. Diagnosis and treatment are guided by the particular conditions and immune status of the patient.}, URL ={https://journals.lww.com/ijo/pages/default.aspx/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2008;volume=56;issue=5;spage=377;epage=383;aulast=Banker;t=6}, eprint ={https://journals.lww.com/ijo/pages/default.aspx/article.asp?issn=0301-4738;year=2008;volume=56;issue=5;spage=377;epage=383;aulast=Banker;t=6} }