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| ARTICLE |
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| Year : 1980 | Volume
: 28
| Issue : 2 | Page : 63-66 |
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Palmar dermatoglyphics in corneal dystrophy
T Padma1, JS Murty1, P Ranga Reddy2
1 Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
2 Institute of Ophthalmology, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, India
Correspondence Address:
T Padma
Deptt. of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
PMID: 6971255 
How to cite this article:
Padma T, Murty J S, Reddy P R. Palmar dermatoglyphics in corneal dystrophy. Indian J Ophthalmol 1980;28:63-6 |
The study of dermatoglyphics acquired considerable importance as a parameter in assessing their association with diseases and as one of the diagnostic features in certain chromosomal anomalies, syndromes and congenital malformations.[1],[2] Though information is available on dermatoglyphic profiles in some common diseases like leukemia, diabetes, congenital malformations, heart diseases etc.,[2] their usefulness in diagnosing these conditions is not yet confirmed. Attempts were also made to find association of dermatoglyphics with some eye diseases like retinoblastoma,[3],[4] senile cataract,[5] glaucoma myopia[6] and strabismus[7].
The present report relates to the variations in dermal configurations in cases with corneal dystrophy.
| Material and methods | |  |
Palm prints of 34 cases of corneal dystrophies were studied for the variations in their dermal configurations. These cases were diagnosed at the corneal clinic of Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad and include different types of dystrophies. Ten of the cases studied showed positive family history.
The dermatoglyphic analysis was made following Cummins and Midlo[8] The results were compared for their differences with a random population control and for differences between familial and isolated cases.
The caste wise and ethnic distribution in the patients with the condition was more or less similar to that in the local population.
| Results and discussion | | |
Corneal dystrophy cases differed significantly from the controls in the incidence of finger print patterns [Table - 1]. This difference was mainly due to an increase in whorls (44.9%) and decrease in ulnar loops (51.8%) in the disease group. Such an increase in whorl pattern has already been reported in conditions like glaucoma and myopia,[6] congenital rubella,[9] psoriasis,[1°] in aortic stenosis,[11] in rheumatic fever and heart diseases,[12],[13] Contrary to this ulnar loops and arches are known to be increased in certain chromosomal anomalies.[2]
Between familial and isolated cases no remarkable variations in the finger patterns were observed.
The incidence of patterns were significantly high on thenar, a-b, b-c and c-d regions of the palms while it was low on the hypothenar region in corneal dystrophy when compared to controls [Table - 2]. Familial cases showed an increase in the frequency of patterns on c-d region and decrease on b-c and thenar regions when compared to isolated cases. There are very few reports on the interdigital patterns and among the eye afflictions, glaucoma[6] and strabismus[7] showed similar trend with an increase in the incidence of loops.
The mean total ridge counts and interdigital counts in corneal dystrophy did not differ significantly while atd angles showed higher values as compared to controls [Table - 3]. The significant increase in the mean pattern intensity index in corneal dystrophy is a consequence of higher incidence of the whorl patterns.
Except for B-line all the main line terminations in dystrophic cases significantly differed from the controls [Table - 4]. The differences are apparently the result of low frequency of D-line terminating at 9th and 11th positions, low frequency of C-lines terminating at 7th and 9th positions and high frequency at 5th position and high frequency of A-lines terminating at 4th and low frequency at 5th position on palms of the patients when compared to controls. Between familial and isolated cases C and A lines showed significant differences x3-36.22 with P<0.01 and 8.10 with P<0,05. Studies on the main line polymorphisms are confined mostly to populations and very few attempts have been made to examine their role and association with common diseases. The significant associations of main line terminations as found with corneal dystrophy underlines their possible association with other diseases.
Though it is difficult to provide explanation per se for the increase in whorls and incidence of palmar patterns in corneal dystrophy patients, certain pleiotropic mechanisms are likely to be involved in the association.
Further studies on these aspects in different dystrophic conditions and other eye diseases is worth pursuing.
| Summary | | |
The study of palm prints of 34 cases with corneal dystrophy showed a significant increase in whorl and decrease in ulnar loop patterns as compared to controls. The patterns occurred with high frequencies on thenar, a-b, b-c and c-d regions and with low frequency on hypothenar region. No significant variations were observed in the mean finger and interdigital ridge counts and atd angles. All the main line terminations except for B showed significant differences as compared to controls. Between familial and isolated cases C and A lines revealed significant variations.
| Acknowledgements | | |
The authors are thankful to Professor O.S. Reddi, former Head, Department of Genetics, Osmania University and Dr. P. Siva Reddi, Director and Dr. C.S. Sharma, Superintendent, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital and Institute of Ophthalmology, Hyderabad, for providing the required facilities during the course of the study.
| References | | |
| 1. | Holt, S.B , 1968, The genetics of dermal ridges. Charles Thomas Publishers, Illinois, U.S.A.  |
| 2. | Schauman, B., and Alter, M., 1976, Dermatoglyphics in medical disorders. Springer-Verlag. New York. |
| 3. | Francois, J., Matton-Van, M.T., Debie, Leu Ven, S., 1969 J. Genet. Human. 17: 367. |
| 4. | Vidal, O.R., Darnel, A. and Furies, J.C., 1969, J. Genet Hun., 17: 19. |
| 5. | Murty, J.S , 1973, East. Arch. Ophthalmol., 1:17, |
| 6. | Jain, C., 1974, Dermatoglyphics in some of the eye diseases. M.Sc. dissertation, Osmania University, India. |
| 7. | Kumudini, M., 1975, A study of genetic factors in strabismus and corneal dystrophy. M Sc. dissertation, Osmania University, India. |
| 8. | Cummins, H., and Midlo, C., 1943, Finger prints palms and soles, The Blackiston Company, Philadelphia. |
| 9. | Chandra. R K., 1969, Hum. Hered , 19:540. |
| 10. | Gibs. R.C. and Warburton, D., 1968, J. Invest. Dermatol. 51: 259. |
| 11. | Cascos, A.S., 1964, Brit. Heart. J., 26: 524. |
| 12. | Puri, R.K., Indira Narayan, Balakrishnan, S., 1971. Proc. Xth National Conference of Indian Academy of Pediatrics. |
| 13. | Annapurna, V., Ahuja, Y.R., Reddi, G.D. Shankar Rao, V. and Niranjan Rao, P., 1978, Hum, Hered.. 28, 72. |
[Table - 1], [Table - 2], [Table - 3], [Table - 4]
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