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| ARTICLE |
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| Year : 1980 | Volume
: 28
| Issue : 2 | Page : 69-72 |
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Ocular cysticercosis
CC Mohan Reddy1, V Papiah Gupta2, P Sarada1, V Prabhakar1, D Laxmanaswami Reddy2, C Anjaneyulu2
1 Department of Pathology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool A.P., India
2 Department of Ophthalmology, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool A.P., India
Correspondence Address:
C C Mohan Reddy
Deptt. of Pathology Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool 518 002 (AP)
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
PMID: 7216350 
How to cite this article:
Mohan Reddy C C, Gupta V P, Sarada P, Prabhakar V, Reddy D L, Anjaneyulu C. Ocular cysticercosis. Indian J Ophthalmol 1980;28:69-72 |
The cysts of cysticercus cellulosae in man lodge frequently in muscles, central nervous system and in the eye. [1],[2],[3],[4]. Involvement of the latter two sites are the serious consequences of human cysticercosis. In the eye cysticerci may be situated intraocularly or extraocularly. Within the eye, cysticerci occur in vitreous body and subretinal[5],[6] but some may be found in the anterior chamber and subconjunctival[7],[8] The most damaging location is intravitreal and subretinal location which leads to blindness in 3 to 5 years unless the parasite is removed.
| Material and methods | |  |
During a period of 10 years we have seen 15 cases of ocular cysticercosis. The findings are summarised in [Table - 1].
| Results | | |
In all the cases there was no clinical or radiological evidence of cysticerci either in the skull or subcutaneous tissue except in case 8 and 11. In case No. 8 active rhythmic movements of the scolex could be demonstrated. The position of scolex appeared as a white spot in 5 cases. Blood eosinophilia was present in 10 out of 13 cases examined. Two cases showed taenia in motion out of 10 cases examined. In 3 cases repeated examination after administering mild laxative did not reveal one.
Gross findings
The cysts were either globular or elongated and oval [Figure - 1]. They varied from 0.5 to 3 cm. long. When freshly removed and kept in normal saline the scolex showed active movements well seen with a hand lens.
Histopathology
In all the cases the structure of cysticerci as demonstrated [Figure - 2]. The membrane that forms the wall of the cyst consists of an outer row of cilia set on a basal amorphous layer. In 9 cases the cellular reaction around the cyst showed eosinophils and lymphocytes. In 2 cases a granulomatous reaction was noted. It has been clearly shown by Mac Arthur[2] and Shouramma and Reddy[9] that the tissue reaction is less or minimal when cyst is alive than when it is dead and it is the gradual absorption of the dead parasite that results in a violent tissue reaction.
| Discussion | | |
Among 80 cases of cysticercosis recorded in this Department in a period of 10 years, 15 cases of ocular cysticercosis were noted (18.75 per cent). The commonest site of involvement by cysticerci was noted in subcutaneous tissue, (35 cases), the next frequent site being the ocular region in the present series.
It has been noted by Reddy and Satyendran[10] that ocular cysticercosis were seen more often in children. Out of 10 cases reported by them 9 occurred below 15 years. In our series 8 out of 15 cases were children below 15 years. However, no age is exempt as could be seen from our study. In this series, the location of the cyst was in subconjunctival region. Malik et a1[7] reported 10 subconjunctival cysticercosis out of 12 cases reported. Similar findings were reported by Sen and Thomas.[11]
There was no difference in the incidence of cysts on the right or left side. It has been pointed out by Malik et a1[7] that the left eye is more commonly involved, but in our series right eye was involved in 8 cases and left eye in 7 cases. The cysts were located either subconjunctivally or extra ocularly. The lesions were not severe and loss of vision was no present in our cases. Hence it is important io diagnose intra ocular cysticercosis early before much damage is done and early removal of the cyst is recommended by pars plana approach using a cryoprobe as described by Shea et al[8] and Hutton et al[12] before devastating lesions like retinal detachment and inflammation of the uvea can occur.
| Summary | | |
15 cases of ocular cysticercosis are described. In 13 cases, the cysts were seen subconjunctivally and in 2 cases the eyelids were involved. In all the cases the cysts were excised and no recurrence was noted in any of the cases as the patients were followed up for 2 years.
| References | | |
| 1. | Dayal, Y., Sood N.N; Goswamy, V and Angra, S.K , 1970. Orient Arch. Ophthalmol. 8: 212.  |
| 2. | Mac Arthur. W.P., 1934, Trans, Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg. 27: 343. |
| 3. | Menon, T.B, and Valiath, G.D., 1940, Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. and Hyg, 33: 537. |
| 4. | Bhaskaran, C.S., Musalappa Reddy, R., Venkatamuni, M., and Venkateswarlu, M, 1978. Ind. J. Ophthalmol. 26, II: 42. |
| 5. | Lench (Jr) 1949. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 32:523. |
| 6. | Reddy, P.S. and Reddy, D.B., 1957. Current. Med, Prac. 1: 642. |
| 7. | Malik, S.R.K., Gupta, A.K. and Chaudhry, S., 1968., Amer. J. Ophthalmol 66: 1168. |
| 8. | Shea, M., Meberley, A.L., Walters, J., Freeman, R.S. and Fallis. A.M., 1973, Trans. Am. Acad, Ophthalmol., 77: 778. |
| 9. | Shouramma, A., and Reddy, D.B., 1963. Ind. J. Path. and Bact. 6: 142. |
| 10. | Reddy, P.S. and Satyendran, O.M. 1964, Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 57: 664. |
| 11. | Sen, D.K. and Thomas, A , 1968. Arch. Ophthal. 80: 772. |
| 12. | Hutton, L.H., Vaiser, A. and Snyder, W.B.S., 1976, Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 8: 571. |
[Figure - 1], [Figure - 2], [Figure - 3], [Figure - 4]
[Table - 1]
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