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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Year : 1983  |  Volume : 31  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 443-445

Influence of heredity on ocular malformation


Department of Ophthalmology, Gauhati Medical College, Gauhati, India

Correspondence Address:
L C Dutta
Deptt. of Opthalmology, Gauhati Medical College, Gauhati, Assam
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


PMID: 6429039

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How to cite this article:
Dutta L C, Bhattacharjee H. Influence of heredity on ocular malformation. Indian J Ophthalmol 1983;31:443-5

How to cite this URL:
Dutta L C, Bhattacharjee H. Influence of heredity on ocular malformation. Indian J Ophthalmol [serial online] 1983 [cited 2024 Mar 29];31:443-5. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ijo/pages/default.aspx/text.asp?1983/31/4/443/27575

Table 1

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Table 1

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127 cases of various colobomatous defects of the globe, 47 cases of congenital cataracts and 8 cases of congenital glaucoma were investigated to find out the influence of here­dity on these conditions.


  Materials and methods Top


18472 cases from eye out patient depart­ment of Gauhati Medical College Hospital were screened out for colobomatous defects of the globe, congenital cataracts and conge­nital glaucoma, In the first interview all cases and/or their attendents were elaborately interrogated specially with reference to the presence of similar and any other form of congenital abnormality in their family. In the second and subsequent sittings all the availa­ble family members (paternal and maternal side) upto three generations were examined clinically and family tree was recorded in the conventional way. Standard statistical and biometric calculations were adopted for deter­mination of made of inheritance i.e. Chi­square test was used for testing autosomal dominant inheritance, X-linked dominant inheritance, recessive and intermediate X-chro­mosomal inheritence. Weinderg's method was used for autosomal recessive inheritance. During determination of mode of inheritance possibility of selective fecundation, intraute­rine mortality and insufficient penitrance of the trait being disregarded.


  Observations Top


[Table - 1] shows various specific congeni­tal ocular abnormalities met within this study,

its incidence being 0.9%).

It shows that maximum cases of congenital ocular abnormalities were sporadic in occurence. 7.02% cases of colobomatous defects, 8% cases of congenital cataract and 37.5% cases of congenital glaucoma were having positive heredity.

Amongst the colobomatous defect one family each of aniridis and isolated typical colobema of the iris and three cases of colobe­matous microphthalmes had autosomal domi­nant inheritance. In rest four families of colobomatous microphthalmos, involvement was found in the several members of the same sibship while their parents and offsprings of the married affected members were normal.

Majority cases of congenital cataracts were suffering from total congenital cataracts (60%), next frequent variety was zonular cataract (26%). Three cases of total cataract had autosomal dominant inhet itance and one family of zonular cataract had recessive inheritance.

In two families of congenital glaucoma. inheritance was recessive and in one family, two children (one male and one female) of same sibship were affected while their ances­ters were normal.


  Discussion Top


Majority cases of congenital ocular abnor­malities are sporadic in occurence without any definite aetiological factors. Only approxi­mately[1] 10% cases are genetically determined and a few cases are totally due to envrion­mental factors. Interaction between latter two factors is also stressed[2]. Genetically determined congenital malformations are due to mutation either of autosomes or of sex chromosomes and again it may be single gene mutation chromosomal abnormality[3] or variation in the amount of regulatory D.N.A.[4] Such a mutant gena (fresh or old) is trans­mitted from one to next generations as a dominant or recessive trait according to capa­city of expressivity[5]. The present study is an effort to determine the influence of heredity and made of inheritance on certain major veraties of blinding congenital ocular abnor­malities, as in modern world still to day con­genital and hereditary diseases are greate pro­blem while infactious and other dieases are showing a dowanward trend due to affective medical approach.

We found 8°%o of congenital cataract are genetically determined but the same incidence in western literature is 25 to 26%.[6],[7] Again instead of zonular cataract ssub the most frequent variety of congenital cataract found in this study was total cataract which requires early medical attention. Transmission pattern of total cataract is found to be autosomal domi­nant and in zonular cataract it is recessive. These type of transmission are reported earlier.[9],[10]

Aetiologic factors of congenital glaucoma is heredity and inheritance is recessive[11]. Exogenous factors[4] even ocular neoplasm may give rise to congenital glaucoma. We found recessive inheritance in two families and in the rest of the families children of one sibships were affected; it may be due to fresh mutation or lack of penetrance of the gens. 62.5% cases of our observation is sporadic without any other associated, ocular patho­logy.

Colobomatous defects of the globe were the major blinding ocular malformation found in this study (127 out of 180 cases) and majo­rity of them are spreading nature (92.80%); Gifford[12] also reported this fact. Our obser­vation on dominant inheritance of aniridia, isolated typical coloboma of the iris and colo­bomatous microphthalmos is similar to the reports already described in the litera­ ture.[13],[14],[15] In four families it occurs as an isolated anomaly in some members of same sibship without involvement of ancestors and descendents. In these cases also there is definite heredity the nature of which could not be determined. Colobomatous ocular defects may occur with various chromosomal abnormalities like klinefelter's syndrome[16] C-D Trisomy with D-D Translocatict[17] D-Trisomy[18] etc, but facility for such sophesticated investigations were lacking in our study.

 
  References Top

1.
Duke Elder, S:, 1964, System of Ophthalmology, Vol-III, Part-2, P-335.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Laudaur, W. [960 Proceeding, International conference on congenital Malformations, London,  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Barnes, A.C: Congenital Malformations, Procee­dings of the third International Conference, The Hague, The Netherlands, 7-13, September, 1969. Excerpta Medica. Amstrandam, Princeton, PP-183.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Market, C.L. congenital Malformations, & Proceedings of the third International conference. The The Hague, Netherlands, 7-13 September, 1969, Ed. Fraser F.C., Mckuick. Excerts Medica Amstradum. Princeton, P-385.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Francois, J. : Heredity in Ophthalmology. C.V. Mosby & Co. St. luis. 1961, P-98.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Fraser G. R. & Friedmann. A.1. 1967, The cause of blindness in childhood. The Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimere U.S.A.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Merin. S. and Crawford. S. 1971, Canadian. J. Ophthalmol, 1.1.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8.
Sheie, H.C., Schoff. D.B. Symposium on surgical and Medical management of congenital aboermalities of the eye, The C.V.Mosby and Co, P-322-336.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.
Saebe. L. 1949, Brit. J. Ophthalmol 33, 661,  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.
Lee J.B., and Benedict W.L., 1950, Arch. Ophthalmol 44:643.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11.
Shaffer R.N., 1965, Amer. J. Ophthalmol 60 :981.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12.
Gifford S.R. 1920 Amer, J. Ophthalmol 397,   Back to cited text no. 12
    
13.
Falles M.F. 1949 Amer. J. Ophthalmol 34 : 41,   Back to cited text no. 13
    
14.
Shannon E.G. 1919, Trans. Am. Ophth. Soc. 15 : 43,  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15.
Reoe T.E., and Falls H.F. 1955, Amer. J. Human. Cent, 7 : 28.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16.
Hashmi M.S. and Karseras A.G. 1976 Brit. J. Ophthalmol 60:661-664,  Back to cited text no. 16
    
17.
Hus LY, Strsuss, L., Hirechornk, JAMA 211, 987:990,  Back to cited text no. 17
    
18.
Cogianut B, Thutor K., 1970, Arch. Ophthalmol 8:83,141,  Back to cited text no. 18
    



 
 
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