• Users Online: 55482
  • Home
  • Print this page
  • Email this page
OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE
Year : 2005  |  Volume : 53  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 279-288

Botulinum toxin in ophthalmic plastic surgery


Division of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India

Correspondence Address:
Milind N Naik
Division of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - 500 034
India
Login to access the Email id

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.18915

Rights and Permissions

Botulinum toxin chemodenervation has evolved greatly over the past 30 years since its introduction in the 1970s for the management of strabismus. Among ophthalmic plastic surgeons, botulinum toxins are often used as the first line treatment for facial dystonias. These toxins are also efficacious for the temporary management of various other conditions including keratopathies (through so called chemo-tarsorraphy), upper eyelid retraction, orbicularis overaction-induced lower eyelid entropion, gustatory epiphora, Frey's syndrome, and dynamic facial rhytids such as lateral canthal wrinkles (crow's feet), glabellar creases and horizontal forehead lines. This article describes the pharmacology, reconstitution techniques and common current applications of botulinum toxins in ophthalmic plastic surgery.


[FULL TEXT] [PDF]*
Print this article     Email this article
 Next article
 Previous article
 Table of Contents

 Similar in PUBMED
   Search Pubmed for
   Search in Google Scholar for
 Related articles
 Citation Manager
 Access Statistics
 Reader Comments
 Email Alert *
 Add to My List *
 * Requires registration (Free)
 

 Article Access Statistics
    Viewed15507    
    Printed343    
    Emailed17    
    PDF Downloaded1450    
    Comments [Add]    
    Cited by others 8    

Recommend this journal