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| LETTER TO EDITOR |
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| Year : 2010 | Volume
: 58
| Issue : 3 | Page : 254 |
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Etiology and management of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome
LI Gonzalez-Granado
Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital 12 octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| Date of Web Publication | 21-Apr-2010 |
Correspondence Address:
L I Gonzalez-Granado
Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital 12 octubre, 28041 Madrid
Spain
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.62659
How to cite this article:
Gonzalez-Granado L I. Etiology and management of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2010;58:254 |
Dear Editor
I read with interest the article `Ophthalmic complications including retinal detachment in hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job΄s) syndrome: Case report and review of literature΄ by Arora et al. [1] I am grateful for their contribution to ocular manifestations of hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (hyper-IgE) syndrome (formerly Job΄s syndrome). However, I would like to make some comments.
First, the authors state that the origin of this disease is unknown. Fortunately, the etiology of hyper-IgE syndrome, in most cases, has been discovered in the last three years. In 2006 Tyk-2 gene mutations were acknowledged as the underlying cause in patients with an autosomal recessive inheritance. [2] Afterwards, Holland et al. reported that autosomal dominant HIES, the most common disease in this group (almost two-thirds), results from STAT3 mutations. [3]
Secondly, the maintenance treatment is based on immunoglobulin replacement therapy or antibiotic (anti-staphylococcal) prophylaxis. However, azithromycin is not a suitable drug for Staphylococcus aureus (neither as prophylaxis nor as treatment). First-generation cephalosporins or cotrimoxazole should be the "first line" drugs. Unfortunately, bone marrow transplantation is not effective. [4]
Finally, the authors speculate vigorous rubbing of eyes due to intense itching to be a probable cause of retinal detachment. There are no other cases reported in the literature with this association. Moreover, pathogenesis in autosomal dominant cases involves Th17 cells (a subgroup of regulatory peripheral T cells, the development of which is interrupted in hyper-IgE syndrome). Atopic dermatitis needs to be ruled out whenever hyper-IgE syndrome is considered. In this scenario, Grimbacher score may help to guide gene sequencing in order to confirm the clinical suspicion. [5] Fortunately, most cases suspected to be Job΄s syndrome are finally diagnosed as only atopic dermatitis.
| References | |  |
| 1. | Arora V, Kim UR, Khazei HM and Kusagur S. Ophthalmic complications including retinal detachment in hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job΄s) syndrome: Case report and review of literature. Indian J Ophthalmol 2009;57:385-6.  [ PUBMED]  |
| 2. | Minegishi Y, Saito M, Morio T, Watanabe K, Agematsu K, Tsuchiya S, et al. Human tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency reveals its requisite roles in multiple cytokine signals involved in innate and acquired immunity. Immunity 2006;25:745-55. |
| 3. | Holland SM, DeLeo FR, Elloumi HZ, Hsu AP, Uzel G, Brodsky N, et al. STAT3 mutations in the hyper-IgE syndrome. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1608-19. |
| 4. | Gennery AR, Flood TJ, Abinun M, Cant AJ. Bone marrow transplantation does not correct the hyper IgE syndrome. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;25:1303-5. |
| 5. | Grimbacher B, Schδffer AA, Holland SM, Davis J, Gallin JI, Malech HL, et al. Genetic linkage of hyper-IgE syndrome to chromosome 4. Am J Hum Genet 1999;65:735-44. |
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