| SYMPOSIUM |
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| Year : 2015 | Volume
: 63
| Issue : 2 | Page : 93-102 |
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Uveal melanoma: Estimating prognosis
Swathi Kaliki1, Carol L Shields2, Jerry A Shields2
1 Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Banjara Hills, Support provided by Operation Eyesight Institute for Eye Cancer (SK) and Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation (SK), Hyderabad, India
2 Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Swathi Kaliki
Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad - 500 034, Telangana
India
 Source of Support: Support provided by Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, Hyderabad (SK), and Eye Tumor Research Foundation, Philadelphia, PA (CLS, JAS). The funders had no role in the preparation, review or approval of the manuscript., Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.154367
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Uveal melanoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the eye in adults, predominantly found in Caucasians. Local tumor control of uveal melanoma is excellent, yet this malignancy is associated with relatively high mortality secondary to metastasis. Various clinical, histopathological, cytogenetic features and gene expression features help in estimating the prognosis of uveal melanoma. The clinical features associated with poor prognosis in patients with uveal melanoma include older age at presentation, male gender, larger tumor basal diameter and thickness, ciliary body location, diffuse tumor configuration, association with ocular/oculodermal melanocytosis, extraocular tumor extension, and advanced tumor staging by American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. Histopathological features suggestive of poor prognosis include epithelioid cell type, high mitotic activity, higher values of mean diameter of ten largest nucleoli, higher microvascular density, extravascular matrix patterns, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating macrophages, higher expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, and higher expression of human leukocyte antigen Class I and II. Monosomy 3, 1p loss, 6q loss, and 8q and those classified as Class II by gene expression are predictive of poor prognosis of uveal melanoma. In this review, we discuss the prognostic factors of uveal melanoma. A database search was performed on PubMed, using the terms "uvea," "iris," "ciliary body," "choroid," "melanoma," "uveal melanoma" and "prognosis," "metastasis," "genetic testing," "gene expression profiling." Relevant English language articles were extracted, reviewed, and referenced appropriately. |
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