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PHOTO ESSAY |
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Year : 2015 | Volume
: 63
| Issue : 4 | Page : 340-341 |
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Isolated superior oblique myositis causing acquired Brown's syndrome
R Muralidhar1, K Gautam2, D Christopher2, N Vidhya2, D Ramamurthy2
1 Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, The Eye Foundation, R. S. Puram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 2 The Eye Foundation, R. S. Puram, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Date of Submission | 13-Oct-2014 |
Date of Acceptance | 02-Apr-2015 |
Date of Web Publication | 3-Jun-2015 |
Correspondence Address: Dr. R Muralidhar Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, The Eye Foundation, 582A, D.B. Road, Coimbatore - 641 002, Tamil Nadu India
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.158085
How to cite this article: Muralidhar R, Gautam K, Christopher D, Vidhya N, Ramamurthy D. Isolated superior oblique myositis causing acquired Brown's syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2015;63:340-1 |
Case Report | | |
A 9-year-old girl presented to us with complaints of binocular diplopia and pain RE for the past 2 days. On examination, she had a vision of 20/20 OU, left face turn with chin elevation, 30 PD of LE hypertropia (RE fixing). The RE elevation was restricted 4 - in adduction and 3 - in abduction (on a scale of 1-4) [Figure 1]. The elevation saccades of the right eye were normal with normal levator palpebral superior function. The forced duction test for elevation in adduction (topical anesthesia) was positive. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit showed thickening of the right superior oblique muscle involving the tendon [Figure 2]. No other orbital/sinus pathology was noted. There was no history of systemic illness, polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, skin lesion or joint pains. A complete hemogram and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were normal. She was started on oral prednisolone 20 mg OD (body weight 24 kg). After 1-week of therapy, there was an improvement in primary position deviation to 16 PD left hypertropia (RE fixing) with pain relief, though the restriction of elevation in adduction persisted [Figure 3]. No further improvement was noted at 2 weeks. The patient was counseled for pulse steroids, but was noted to have a high random blood sugar of 208 mg/dl and was referred to a pediatrician for systemic workup. Subsequently she was lost to follow-up and could not be contacted. | Figure 1: Cardinal gaze photograph at presentation showing left hypertropia with restriction of right eye elevation in adduction. There is a 'Y' pattern divergence on attempted elevation
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| Figure 2: Axial, coronal and sagittal computed tomography scan sections showing enlargement of the right superior oblique muscle
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| Figure 3: Significant improvement in left hypertropia after 1-week of oral steroids. The restriction of right eye elevation in adduction persists
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Discussion | | |
Isolated superior oblique myositis is a very rare entity. This could be because of relative lack of muscle fibers in strap muscles or because of under-reporting due to technical difficulties in imaging. [1] Diagnosis is by CT/magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly tendon sparing may be noted. [2],[3] Tychsen et al. had reported 13 cases of trochleitis with superior oblique myositis. They were all successfully treated by oral steroids or excision biopsy. None had ocular motility restriction at presentation. [4] Salam et al. reported superior oblique myositis as a presenting feature of Wegener's granulomatosis with inflammation involving adjacent muscles. [1] Fleischmann et al. reported successful treatment of isolated superior oblique myositis with oral prednisolone. [5] Kau et al. suggested that while oral steroids produce a prompt improvement, they are often associated with persistent restriction in ocular motility, though pulse steroids produced an improvement even when started late. [3] In our patient, elevation restriction was persistent after 2 weeks of oral steroids, though steroids were commenced 2 days after presentation. Relief of pain and improvement in primary position deviation argue for a therapeutic role. The high blood sugars were probably a side-effect of oral steroids. Steroids injected in the region of the trochlea were not considered as an option in our case because it would have required general anesthesia. Furthermore, the entire length of the muscle was inflamed. To conclude treatment with oral steroids, even when instituted promptly after diagnosis can leave behind a persistent motility restriction. The role of pulse steroids in this rare condition merits further investigation both as first line and in patients with persistent motility restriction.
References | | |
1. | Salam A, Meligonis G, Malhotra R. Superior oblique myositis as an early feature of orbital Wegener′s granulomatosis. Orbit 2008;27:203-6. |
2. | Stidham DB, Sondhi N, Plager D, Helveston E. Presumed isolated inflammation of the superior oblique muscle in idiopathic orbital myositis. Ophthalmology 1998;105:2216-9. |
3. | Kau HC, Kao SC, Peng CH, Hsu WM, Tsai CC. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patient with isolated superior oblique myositis. Eye (Lond) 2006;20:1106-9. |
4. | Tychsen L, Tse DT, Ossoinig K, Anderson RL. Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis. Ophthalmology 1984;91:1075-9. |
5. | Fleischmann R, Assmann A, Bohner G, Ruprecht K. Isolated myositis of the superior oblique muscle. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84:402-3. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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