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LETTER TO THE EDITOR |
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Year : 2019 | Volume
: 67
| Issue : 3 | Page : 442-443 |
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Response to comment on ‘Unilateral corneal edema in young: A diagnostic dilemma’
Dewang Angmo, Harathy Selvan, Aswini K Behera, Pramod K Suman
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Date of Web Publication | 18-Feb-2019 |
Correspondence Address: Dewang Angmo Glaucoma Research Facility and Clinical Services, Room No.-374, Third Floor, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110 029 India
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2079_18
How to cite this article: Angmo D, Selvan H, Behera AK, Suman PK. Response to comment on ‘Unilateral corneal edema in young: A diagnostic dilemma’. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019;67:442-3 |
Dear Sir,
We sincerely thank Singh et al.[1] for their interest in our article,[2] and hope to clarify their insightful queries in this reply.
First, the authors state that delayed onset congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) has been described in the first decade only. However, reports of genetically proven CHED with deterioration in later ages have been known.[3] Though CHED-1 has been removed from the recent International Classification of Corneal Dystrophies - Edition 2 (IC3D-2), Harboyan disease has been shown to be more closely related to CHED-2.[4]
A thorough evaluation by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, and confocal microscopy was done to rule out guttae, vesicles, bands, rail-tracks, and corneal opacities; however, we are sorry that a retro-illumination photograph was not documented.
Posterior polymorphous dystrophy usually starts in early childhood with typical appearances, and corneal edema to the extent of requiring keratoplasty occurs in only 20–25%.[5] Our patient had never documented a high intraocular pressure, and his anterior segment optical coherence tomography did not reveal any peripheral anterior synechiae.
While genetic overlap between the various endothelial dystrophies is known to exist,[6] in the absence of molecular confirmation, diagnosis is based on contributory clinical evidences. We could not find significant guttae/vesicles/bands/opacities in the apparently normal eye. Also, the central corneal thickness (CCT) of apparently normal eye being 690μ and affected eye being 850μ with diffuse ground-glass appearance favoured CHED. This is in contrast to Fuch's endothelial dystrophy where eyes of early disease without edema showed mean CCT 576μ and advanced cases with edema showed mean CCT 649μ,[7] despite the Caucasian eyes in general having thicker corneas than Indians. However, these are studies on late-onset FECD, and reports confined to CCT of early-onset FECD are unavailable at present to the best of our knowledge.
Nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy with grossly reduced endothelial cells[8] appears to have a similar picture, but this dystrophy has been barely investigated and not categorised under IC3D-2.[5] Also, the sensorineural deafness at this young age remains unanswered.
Similar to Singh et al., we were also keen on the histopathological detailing of the patient's Descemet membrane, but sadly, the patient did not report back for the surgery.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References | | |
1. | Singh M, Kapoor N, Sangwan VS. Unilateral corneal edema in young: A diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019;67:442. [Full text] |
2. | Angmo D, Selvan H, Behera AK, Suman PK. Unilateral corneal edema in young: A diagnostic dilemma. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018;66:1612-4. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
3. | Kumawat BL, Gupta R, Sharma A, Sen S, Gupta S, Tandon R. Delayed onset of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy due to compound heterozygous SLC4A11 mutations. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016;64:492-5. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
4. | Desir J, Abramowicz M. Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy with progressive sensorineural deafness (Harboyan syndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2008;3:28. |
5. | Weiss JS, Møller HU, Aldave AJ, Seitz B, Bredrup C, Kivelä T, et al. IC3D classification of corneal dystrophies--edition 2. Cornea 2015;34:117-59. |
6. | Aldave AJ, Han J, Frausto RF. Genetics of the corneal endothelial dystrophies: An evidence-based review. Clin Genet 2013;84:109-19. |
7. | Kopplin LJ, Przepyszny K, Schmotzer B, Rudo K, Babineau DC, Patel SV, et al. Relationship of Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy severity to central corneal thickness. Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3859299/. |
8. | Brooks AM, Grant GB, Gillies WE. Bullous keratopathy due to nonguttate corneal endothelial dystrophy. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1990;18:335-41. |
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