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PHOTO ESSAY |
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Year : 2020 | Volume
: 68
| Issue : 7 | Page : 1441-1442 |
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Corneal calcium deposition as a plaque following collagen cross linking and vitamin D insufficiency
Sushmita G Shah, Gaurav Y Shah
Eye Life, 204 Ram Krishna Chambers, Linking Road, Khar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Date of Submission | 27-Nov-2019 |
Date of Acceptance | 28-Jan-2020 |
Date of Web Publication | 25-Jun-2020 |
Correspondence Address: Dr. Sushmita G Shah Eye Life, 204 Ram Krishna Chambers, Linking Road, Khar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra - 400 052 India
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2160_19
Keywords: Band shaped keratopathy, collagen cross linking, secondary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency
How to cite this article: Shah SG, Shah GY. Corneal calcium deposition as a plaque following collagen cross linking and vitamin D insufficiency. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:1441-2 |
A 32-year-old female presented with gradually increasing white spot in her right eye [Figure 1]a since 18 months associated with ocular irritation. She had undergone bilateral corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus elsewhere [Figure 2]c and [Figure 3]b, 10 years prior. She also gave a history of vitamin D deficiency and was on vitamin D supplements for the same. | Figure 1: (a) Slit-lamp photograph of the right eye under diffuse illumination showing a quiet eye with white, elevated plaque in the pupillary area. (b) Slit-lamp photograph of the right eye under diffuse illumination at the final follow up showing intact corneal epithelium with stromal haze and no calcium deposition
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| Figure 2: (a) AS OCT (Maestro, Topcon, Japan) of the right eye showing well localized, hyper-reflective lesion involving corneal epithelium and sub-epithelial tissue. (b) AS OCT (Maestro, Topcon, Japan) of the right eye at the final follow up visit showing intact epithelium and no calcium deposition. Stromal haze is noted. (c) AS OCT (Maestro, Topcon, Japan) of the left eye showing corneal thinning and stromal haze suggestive of previous collagen cross linking
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| Figure 3: (a) Tomography (Sirius, CSO, Italy) of the right eye at the final visit showing central corneal thinning with flattening on the pachymetry and tangential anterior map. (b) Tomography (Sirius, CSO, Italy) of the left eye showing central corneal thinning with ectasia on the pachymetry and tangential anterior map suggestive of Keratoconus
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Her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/9, N6 in the right eye. Eye was quiet with a whitish opacity in the cornea involving the epithelial and subepithelial layers of the cornea. Underlying stromal haze was also noted. There was no associated neovascularization. Anterior segment OCT of the right eye showed hyper-reflective lesion involving the epithelium and the subepithelial layers [Figure 2]a. Clinical diagnosis of corneal calcium deposition was made. Blood investigations revealed Vitamin D insufficiency (28.7 ng/ml) with increased parathyroid hormone (73.78 pg/ml). Other parameters including serum calcium were within normal limits. She was diagnosed by the physician as Vitamin D insufficiency with secondary hyperparathyroidism. She was started on tablet Cholecalciferol 6000 IU after food once every 21 days.
She underwent right eye plaque removal with EDTA chelation under topical anesthesia.
At 6 months follow-up, her BCVA was 6/6p, N6, epithelium was intact with no calcium deposition [Figure 1]b, [Figure 2]b and [Figure 3]a. She had normal serum 25(OH) Vit D (51.9 ng/ml) and parathyroid hormone (50.39 pg/ml).
Discussion | | |
Corneal calcium deposition usually presents as greyish white band (band shaped keratopathy-BSK) with “swiss cheese” appearance in the interpalpebral area and is separated from the limbus by a clear zone.[1] It can occur secondary to abnormalities in metabolism of calcium, vitamin D, and parathormone.[2],[3] Our patient presented with normal serum calcium but with vitamin D insufficiency leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism and corneal calcium deposition which appeared as a plaque instead of BSK.
To conclude, patients presenting with white corneal plaque need to be investigated for abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References | | |
1. | Najjar DM, Cohen EJ, Rapuano CJ, Laibson PR. EDTA chelation for calcific band keratopathy: Results and long-term follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:1056-64. |
2. | Porter R, Crombie AL. Corneal calcification as a presenting and diagnostic sign in hyperparathyroidism. Br J Ophthalmol 1973;57:665-8. |
3. | Berkow JW, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE. Unusual ocular calcification in hyperparathyroidism. Am J Ophthalmol 1968;66:812-24. |
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3]
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