Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

PHOTO ESSAY
Year
: 2020  |  Volume : 68  |  Issue : 10  |  Page : 2243--2244

A rare case of bilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion managed conservatively


Nilesh Jain1, Julie Jain2,  
1 Department of Eye, BJ Hospital and Research Institute Pvt. Ltd., Gondia, Maharashtra, India
2 Department of Paediatric, BJ Hospital and Research Institute Pvt. Ltd., Gondia, Maharashtra, India

Correspondence Address:
Nilesh Jain
Department of Eye, BJ Hospital and Research Institute Pvt. Ltd., Ganesh Nagar, Gondia, Maharashtra - 441 601
India

Abstract




How to cite this article:
Jain N, Jain J. A rare case of bilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion managed conservatively.Indian J Ophthalmol 2020;68:2243-2244


How to cite this URL:
Jain N, Jain J. A rare case of bilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion managed conservatively. Indian J Ophthalmol [serial online] 2020 [cited 2024 Mar 29 ];68:2243-2244
Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ijo/pages/default.aspx/text.asp?2020/68/10/2243/295736


Full Text



A 12-h-old female infant was referred to our tertiary care hospital from another hospital for the management of eversion of both upper eyelids. The full-term neonate was born by cesarean section for failed induction of labor. On ocular examination, her upper eyelids were totally everted (left eye more than the right eye) with severe conjunctival chemosis and greenish discharge suggestive of secondary infection [Figure 1]. After instillation of 0.5% proparacaine eye drops and using Desmarre's lid retractor, the anterior segment was examined which was normal with negative fluorescein staining of the cornea. On laboratory testing, the neonate had C- reactive proteins (CRP) level of 5.1 mg/dL. Elevated total leukocyte count (17,000/μL) with raised total (10.2 mg/dL) and indirect bilirubin (9.46 mg/dL) levels. The neonate was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for neonatal sepsis and hyperbilirubinemia. The baby was started on systemic antibiotics and phototherapy. For ocular pathology, manual eversion was tried without any success. After that, magnesium sulfate soaked dressings were given to reduce chemosis but there was no positive response. So, we tried 5% hypertonic NaCl soaked dressings every 6 h. This resulted in a reduction in chemosis from day 2 and on day 6 the chemosis was completely reduced with normal closure of the eyelid [Figure 2]. Along with this, the neonate was also given 0.5% moxifloxacin eye drops and topical 1% carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) eyedrops every 6 h.{Figure 1}{Figure 2}

 Discussion



Bilateral congenital upper eyelid eversion is a rare disorder. Adams, in 1896, first described congenital eversion of both eyelid as “ double congenital ectropion.”[1] In 1992, Sellar reported 51 cases after reviewing the literature.[2] 7 more cases reported till now.[3],[4],[5],[6],[7] This is seen frequently in infants with Down syndrome, collodion skin disease, and Black race.

The presentation of the disease can be unilateral or bilateral. The exact etiopathogenesis is not known but multiple theories have been proposed to describe its etiology. This includes birth trauma, hypotonia of orbicularis oculi muscle, anterior lamellar shortening and posterior lamellar widening of the eyelid, failure of the orbital septum and levator aponeurosis fusion, elongation of eyelid laterally, and inelastic lateral canthal ligament.[5] The orbicularis spasm leads to venous stasis and conjunctival chemosis thus preventing the cornea from infection and exposure.[8]

In conservative management, various treatment modalities available which include moist dressing, taping of the eyelid, pressure patching, hypertonic saline dressing, topical antibiotics, and lubricants.[8],[9]

The surgical management options include scarification of exposed conjunctiva, temporary tarsorrhaphy, subconjunctival injection of hyaluronic acid, fornix sutures, and full-thickness upper lid skin graft.[5],[9],[10] But these are used in cases not responding to conservative treatment. Also, lid manipulations can lead to stimulation of autonomic effects such as respiratory arrest in neonates.[3]

Our case was managed with hypertonic saline dressing, antibiotic and lubricating eyedrops. Early treatment can prevent complications like conjunctival scarring, epimerization, and secondary infection. This case report advocates the need for a strictly conservative approach in management.

The aim of this photo essay is to create awareness among those who are first-time viewers like health care professionals in ophthalmology and neonatology.

Declaration of patient consent

The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

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