A study of 30 subjects (10 normal and 20 having glaucoma) was done to find out the scleral rigidity in glaucoma cases as compared to normal. The effect of miotics, timolol (0.25%) and pilocarpine (2%) eye drops on the scleral rigidity in cases of glaucoma was observed.

Argon laser iridoplasty was performed in 40 eyes of 33 patients of primary angle closure glaucoma. There were 12 male and 21 female patients. The mean ages of the male and female patients were 51 years and 48.4 years respectively. Forty eyes were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of ten eyes of subacute angle closure glaucoma and group II included thirty eyes of chronic angle closure glaucoma. Argon laser iridoplasty was performed with Coherent 9000 model using laser settings of spot size 200 micron, duration 0.2 second and power 0.7 watt. A total of 80 spots were applied over 360 degree circumference. The intraocular pressure control (below 22 mm Hg) was achieved after iridoplasty in all the eyes (100%) in group I, where as in group II the intraocular pressure was controlled in 70% eyes. The follow up period varied from 3 months to one year with a mean of eight months. The success rate with iridoplasty was directly related to the extent of peripheral anterior synechiae, optic disc cupping and presence of visual field changes.

Hundred patients of open angle glaucoma (OAG) who were on any one of the three drugs pilocarpine, timolol and epinephrine--for an average period of 3.3 years were chosen. Proforma regarding socio-economic status and the patients' reaction to long-term medication were recorded. Though the objective and subjective effects of long term medication were negligible the financial constraints were considerable. More than 70% patient would prefer laser's and surgery because of the cumbersome schedule and financial burden. The visit to the clinic was a time consuming process suggesting a lack of adequate glaucoma follow-up at the peripheral level. The study reflects a need for reorientation of glaucoma management.

A comparative retrospective study of 164 cases of juvenile secondary gla as presenting to the glaucoma service in 1984 and 100 cases in 1988, to the changes brought about by health education and innovations in ophthalmic care is undertaken.

The problem of phacomorphic glaucoma is a rather common entity in rural India owing to the delay in getting the cataract removed and the preponderance of cortical matter, compared with the Western world. The authors in India, South East Asia and Australia, have managed the problem differently leading to controversies. The pathogenesis has been investigated and is well understood. An aspect of phacomorphic glaucoma that remains quite unanswered, is of the relatively poor visual outcome and increased incidence of operative and post-operative complications. We endeavour to evaluate the management, intraoperative and post-operative complications of phacomorphic glaucoma (senile cataract induced). The effect of high intraocular pressure (I.O.P) and surgical trauma on the corneal endothelium is also assessed.

Fifty eyes were evaluated following penetrating keratoplasty and cataract extraction. Twenty five of them had intracapsular lens extraction while the remaining 25 had intercapsular method of extracapsular lens extraction. Both operative and post operative complications were more in group I. Visual outcome and graft clarity were also better in eyes of group II. Combined keratoplasty and intercapsular method of extracapsular lens extraction was recommended in eyes having both corneal and lenticular pathology.

"There are many classifications of xerophthalmia in existence. In the present study all these classification have been exhaustively reviewed. Many objections to previous classifications have been raised following experiences with these classifications for over six years. Based on these objections a self explanatory, easy to remember and modified classification has been proposed, which will be of use in wider areas."

The cause of blindness in 1006 consecutive legally blind patients were analyzed in a large urban multidisciplinary medical center. It was found that the leading causes of blindness, in order of frequency of incidence, were cataract, corneal blindness, glaucoma and ocular trauma. The periodic collection of statistics on the relative frequency of the causes of blindness under Indian conditions is strongly suggested so that priorities can be redefined and improvements in health care may be suggested.

The present study was done to find out the incidence of primary insufficiency of involuntary convergence and evaluate the relative efficacy of synoptophore treatment against home exercise in its management. During the period of study, 2162 cases in the age group 15 to 35 years were studied for convergence in detail. It was found out that the incidence of primary convergence insufficiency is quite high (7.7% of total orthoptic clinic attendance). It commonly affects those who are constantly engaged in near work. Response to synoptophore exercises and home exercises is comparably equal. Recurrence of the ailment after stopping the exercises is not uncommon.

Knowledge of optics, comparative magnification and working field of view is essential for rational use of ophthalmoscopic contact lenses for retinal photocoagulation. The three commonly used contact lenses are described and compared.

Malignant Glaucoma due to Keratomycosis is a devastating and poorly recognised complication occurring in a small percentage of treated patients. It is characterized, in cases of Keratomycosis by a raised tension, uniform shallowing of the anterior chamber and a fungus-exudate-iris mass covering the pupillary area. Three cases of 'Keratomycotic Malignant Glaucoma' are discussed here. Two of these were successfully treated with therapeutic keratoplasty, extracapsular lens extraction and systemic antifungals. The development of malignant glaucoma after a therapeutic keratoplasty which occurred in one case has not previously been reported. All the three cases which developed malignant glaucoma had a pupillary size of 4 mm diameter or less and grew Fusarium from the cornea and anterior chamber.

Nevus flammeus and nevus of Ota are commonly encountered dermatological conditions, but both individually, are only occasionally associated with glaucoma. The occurrence of isolated nevus flammeus along with nevus of Ota in the same patient is also extremely rare. We are presenting two unusual cases, both having a nevus of Ota, together with nevus flammeus and severe congenital glaucoma.

We are reporting a case which developed idiosyncratic anterior granulomatous uveitis following a single dose of subconjunctival 5 Fluorouracil. This has not been previously reported anywhere in the world.

Audiometric (pure tone audiometry and tone decay) and vestibular examinations (bilateral caloric test and electronystagmography) were carried out in 10 cases of macular degeneration of different types and 10 normal individuals as control. Out of 10 cases of macular degeneration of various types, 3 (30%) showed hearing impairment, while on vestibular examination 3 (30%) also had vestibular abnormalities. Only one case was associated with both audiometric as well as vestibular abnormalities. In the control group none of the individual showed either audiometric or vestibular changes.

Fourteen cases of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma have been studied. Clinical presentation was by way of short history, fast growing proptosis, inflammatory signs and epistaxis. Computerised tomography showed only a mass lesion without bony involvement and was very useful in follow up. Ultrasonography revealed pseudo-encapsulation of the tumour which is postulated as possibly specific of Rhabdomyosarcoma due to its fast growth, cellular content and oedema fluid. A survival rate of 21% over a 3 year period has been achieved by combined mode therapy consisting of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

Congenital unilateral absence of orbit is a very rare clinical entity. An 18 month old female child with an unilateral absence of orbit with clinical anophthalmos and partial arhinia is presented. X-ray of the skull revealed an absence of the bony orbit on the left side. Unlike previously described cases of absence of the orbit, this maldevelopment is unilateral and present in an otherwise normal thriving child.

In recent times zinc is emerging as a nutrient of clinical importance and had been found to be low in serum in various disease conditions. In the current study 11 control cases and 22 corneal ulcer cases were taken. Their serum zinc level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum zinc level in recalcitrant corneal ulcer cases was found to be below normal.

A child presenting with hydrocephalus with extensive inactive retinochoroiditis and his mother with a healed toxoplasmic scar is being discussed. Maternal ocular examination in each case of hydrocephalus is recommended, as uveitis work up of the child is often unrewarding.

A case of occult intraocular foreign body presenting with iritis is discussed, illustrating the management.

The author relates an unlikely journey from his rural village in India, through medical school, a prestigious fellowship with Sir Stewart Duke-Elder, and a colourful career in the United Kingdom and the U.S.A., as a clinician and researcher, particularly in the area of vascular disease of the eye and optic nerve.